Humanistic Studies and Social Researches

Abstract Aim: This review aims to discover the ways burnout and JS influence OCB among nurses.

Methods: Drawing on both quantitative and qualitative research till 2025, this narrative review brings together evidence from PubMed and comparable databases, centering on studies involving registered nurses.

Results: Higher JS consistently showed up as a reliable predictor of stronger OCB, sometimes explaining a surprisingly large share of its variance. These effects often worked through mechanisms like organizational justice, social connectivity, or nurses’ own growing sense of professional capability. Meanwhile, burnout, especially its more corrosive elements such as depersonalization and emotional exhaustion, was strongly linked to declines in OCB, whereas a solid sense of personal accomplishment seemed to act like a buffer. Structural empowerment helped soften exhaustion and indirectly lifted OCB, and supportive supervisors increased nurses’ commitment as well as their willingness to engage in citizenship acts. When woven together, these threads formed an integrated model accounting for about 45% of variation in OCB, with ethical climate and workload standing out as meaningful contributors.

Conclusion: If JS is the fuel for OCB, burnout is the slow leak that drains it. Empowerment strategies, stronger supervisory support, and ethical organizational climates appear capable of preserving OCB while simultaneously holding burnout at bay, changes that ripple outward into patient care and retention.

Abstract Objective

This review aimed to bring together findings on main factors that drive nurse job satisfaction and to show gender differences in satisfaction levels, stressors, and work outcomes in different nursing settings.

Methods

Narrative review of selected studies found through focused literature search.

Results

Studies showed that high workload, not enough staff, weak supervisor support, and low pay reduced satisfaction. Research indicated that autonomy from task delegation, respectful communication, strong ethical focus on patient-centred care, and good talent management practices increased satisfaction. Gender differences appeared clearly. Data showed that most nurse practitioners were women. Findings indicated that male nurses experienced more workplace bullying yet showed lower intent to leave, and structural empowerment explained part of this effect. Results showed that men had higher burnout depersonalization scores, while women working in emergency departments presented more PTSD symptoms. Evidence indicated that gender equity in nursing education raised esteem and pride among male nurses.



Conclusion

Nurse job satisfaction decreases when resources and support are missing, but it rises with autonomy and ethical patient care. Gender changes how nurses experience work, which shows that men face more bullying and burnout and bullying, while women appear more vulnerable to PTSD and loss of motivation. More research on combined gender effects is needed.

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced nursing education and practice into an unprecedented crisis that is constantly shifting most teaching online overnight and intensifying already high levels of stress among nurses.

Objective: This review examines how nursing students and professional nurses around the world experienced and managed heightened psychological pressure during the pandemic, highlighting both adaptive and maladaptive ways of coping.

Methods: A narrative synthesis of international studies conducted between 2020 and 2025 explored common stressors, preferred coping approaches, and factors that supported or hindered resilience in diverse settings.

Results: Academic workload, fear of infection, isolation from peers and family, financial strain, and limited hands-on training emerged as universal sources of distress. Many turned to helpful strategies such as planning ahead, seeking emotional support from colleagues, reframing difficult situations positively, and using humor or structured reflection techniques. These approaches consistently reduced anxiety, lowered burnout, and helped people stay in school or remain at work. In contrast, avoidance, denial, or emotional detachment often worsened mental health and increased dropout intentions. Strong social networks, institutional mental health programs, resilience training, and clear communication tools proved especially protective.

Conclusion: The pandemic exposed serious gaps in mental health support for nursing students and nurses, yet it also revealed remarkable adaptability worldwide. Moving forward, nursing programs and healthcare organizations should routinely teach evidence-based stress management, build peer-support systems, and provide accessible counseling. Embedding these practices into everyday training will better equip the next generation of nurses to handle future crises while protecting their own well-being.