Humanistic Studies and Social Researches

Abstract Introduction: The global healthcare workforce shortage is a critical issue impacting patient care, economic stability, and healthcare access, particularly in specialties like orthopedics, anesthesiology, and nursing. In Iran, this crisis is worsened by economic sanctions, limited training opportunities, and unequal distribution of healthcare workers. This review examines the causes, impacts, and potential solutions to workforce shortages, with a focus on Iran.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted to analyze existing literature on workforce shortages in orthopedics, anesthesiology, and nursing. Sources included peer-reviewed articles, WHO reports, and national surveys. Data were synthesized to identify trends, impacts on patient care, and strategies for addressing these gaps.

Results: The shortage of orthopedic surgeons and anesthesiologists has led to delays in surgeries and worse patient outcomes, especially in underserved regions. Nursing shortages are driven by low wages, poor working conditions, and gender disparities. In Iran, sanctions restrict access to medical equipment, worsening the crisis. Additionally, healthcare workers are concentrated in urban areas, deepening the gap in rural settings. These shortages contribute to higher mortality rates, reduced care quality, and escalating healthcare costs.

Conclusion: The healthcare workforce shortage, particularly in orthopedics, anesthesiology, and nursing, presents a significant global challenge. Solutions include expanding training programs, improving working conditions, providing incentives for rural placements, and fostering international collaboration. These efforts are especially vital in countries like Iran, where external economic pressures exacerbate the issue.