Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 Gender Dysphoria and Mental Health: The Protective Role of Social Support During Gender Transition; A Review 236500 10.22034/hssr.2025.236500 EN Marzieh Zanjanian Master of Science in Personality Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0008-3410-2554 Farshid Khalili Dehdezi PhD in Communication Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Dolatabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0009-5052-3014 Journal Article <strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals experience significant mental health disparities, including elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality, largely attributable to minority stress. Gender transition can ameliorate gender dysphoria but also introduces psychosocial challenges. Social support is theorized as a critical moderator of mental health outcomes during this process.<br><strong>Objective:</strong> To systematically review and evaluate contemporary evidence on the impact of multifaceted social support on the mental health of TGD individuals throughout gender transition.<br><strong>Methods:</strong> A narrative synthesis of empirical literature (2010-2025) was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Keywords included "gender dysphoria," "social support," "transitioning," "mental health," and "transgender." Included studies focused on TGD populations, assessed social support as a variable, and measured mental health or well-being outcomes.<br><strong>Results:</strong> Consistent evidence from 40 reviewed studies indicates that affirming social support from family, peers, partners, healthcare providers, and community structures is strongly associated with superior mental health outcomes. This includes significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and suicidality, alongside improved quality of life, self-esteem, and treatment adherence. Familial acceptance, in particular, is a potent protective factor for youth. Conversely, support rejection, especially familial rejection, is linked to exponentially worse outcomes, including homelessness and survival sex work.<br><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Social support is a fundamental determinant of mental health resilience in TGD populations. It directly buffers minority stress and facilitates successful transitioning. Clinical practice must routinely assess and foster support networks, while policy must aim to create structurally affirming environments. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and focus on under-represented subgroups.</span> https://www.hssres.com/article_236500_b3ac721268e4a077fc5556e2a347441c.pdf