Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 The Interwoven Triad: A Review of Sleep Quality, Cognitive Function, and Emotion Regulation 236486 10.22034/hssr.2025.236486 EN Mukhaya Djumeniyazovai Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urganch State University, Uzbekistan Journal Article Background: The importance of sleep quality for neurobiological and psychological health is increasingly recognized in multidisciplinary research. Current findings indicate that sleep quality serves as a key mediator connecting advanced cognitive operations with emotional control, highlighting the need for a unified overview of these interrelated processes. Objective: This review seeks to combine current research to clarify the two-way connections between sleep quality, fundamental cognitive areas (attention, memory, executive function), and emotion regulation abilities, and to describe the common neural foundations that support these interactions. Methods: A narrative study was performed. Literature from 2000–2025 was gathered from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science using search terms such as "sleep quality," "cognitive function," "emotion regulation," "prefrontal cortex," "amygdala," "sleep deprivation," and "neuroimaging." Selected studies included meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, longitudinal studies, and notable neuroimaging research. Results: Strong evidence indicates that inadequate sleep quality—including short duration, fragmentation, and disrupted sleep stages—significantly harms attention, memory formation, and all aspects of executive function. At the same time, it increases negative emotional responses, reduces positive emotions, and weakens the ability to control emotions consciously. Neurobiological research points to dysregulation in the prefrontal-amygdala circuit and impaired hippocampal activity as central explanations. These influences are bidirectional, creating harmful cycles that can contribute to mental health disorders. Conclusion: Sleep quality is a fundamental component of mental and brain health, inseparably connecting cognitive and emotional functioning. Sleep-focused interventions, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), offer broad treatment potential for improving thinking skills and emotional well-being. Future studies should use long-term designs and examine factors related to individual differences.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236486_c12320730f9f577922d839b26ee770a1.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 The Digital Forge: An In-Depth Analysis of How Social Media Shapes Adolescent Identity and Self-Worth 236487 10.22034/hssr.2025.236487 EN Zamdar H Rasul Karim Department Of Clinical Sciences, Sulaymaniya University College of Medicine, Iraq 0009-0004-4892-9895 Journal Article Background: The widespread adoption of social networking sites (SNSs) into the daily lives of teenagers marks a major sociotechnological shift of this century. As young people grow up immersed in digital technology, their journeys of self-discovery and self-evaluation increasingly occur within online spaces shaped by algorithms, rather than solely in face-to-face settings. This change requires a close look at how these platforms both influence and complicate core aspects of psychological and social development. Objective: This narrative review brings together recent research (2015–2025) to examine the complex, and often opposing, effects of SNSs on how adolescents form their identity and develop self-esteem. It seeks to provide a detailed understanding of the processes, influencing factors, and two-way dynamics at play, moving beyond oversimplified cause-and-effect explanations. Methods: A systematic search was performed across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2025. Key search terms included: "social media," "adolescent," "teen," "youth," "identity," "self-concept," "self-esteem," "social comparison," and "digital identity." The review included empirical studies (cross-sectional, longitudinal, experimental), systematic reviews, and important theoretical papers. Sources were selected based on relevance and methodological quality. Results: Research reveals a dual role for SNSs, acting as both a catalyst and an obstacle to development. These platforms enable identity exploration through trying out different self-presentations and finding specialized communities, but they also risk fragmenting identity due to pressures to perform and seek external approval. Similarly, SNSs can strengthen self-esteem by providing social support and opportunities to showcase skills, yet they can also systematically weaken it by encouraging constant social comparison and reliance on quantified feedback (likes, followers). The ultimate impact depends heavily on individual differences, how platforms are used, specific platform designs, and the quality of a teenager's offline relationships. Conclusion: The review frames SNSs as active "developmental environments" that shape how adolescents socialize, rather than seeing them as neutral tools. Future research should use methods like ecological momentary assessment to capture real-time experiences and investigate the role of content algorithms. Practical steps should focus not just on reducing screen time, but on building critical digital literacy skills and pushing for platform designs that are ethically informed by developmental psychology.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236487_7899cfbd8035658b4becbbd07e307880.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 The Neuroscience of Gratitude: A Review of How Daily Practices Induce Neuroplasticity to Enhance Well-Being 236489 10.22034/hssr.2025.236489 EN Hanieh Abdolahzadeh Delkhosh Master of Science in General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch 0009-0003-9491-2755 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Gratitude, a positive emotional response to perceived benefits, has evolved from a philosophical concept to a subject of rigorous neuroscientific inquiry. Emerging evidence suggests deliberate gratitude practices can structurally and functionally remodel the brain. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Objective: This review synthesizes contemporary neuroimaging, psychophysiological, and behavioral research to examine the mechanisms by which gratitude practices induce neuroplastic changes that promote happiness and resilience. Methods: A narrative review of literature from 2000-2024 was conducted using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar. Search terms included "gratitude neuroscience," "neuroplasticity AND gratitude," "gratitude intervention fMRI," and "gratitude well-being." Included studies employed fMRI, EEG, hormonal assays, or longitudinal intervention designs. Results: Neuroimaging studies consistently identify a gratitude network involving the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and ventral striatum. Longitudinal interventions (e.g., journaling, letters) demonstrate increased activity and connectivity within this network, coupled with reduced amygdala reactivity to threat. Psychophysiological data show downregulation of the HPA axis and increased vagal tone. Behavioral outcomes include sustained increases in subjective well-being, prosocial behavior, and resilience. Conclusion: Daily gratitude practice acts as a form of cognitive-emotional training that strengthens reward and social connection pathways via Hebbian plasticity. These practices may confer resilience by modulating stress-response systems. While promising, limitations include heterogeneous methodologies and a need for more longitudinal neuroimaging studies. Gratitude training presents a scalable, low-cost adjunct to clinical and wellness programs.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236489_5b251407e8038b9ff51ffbe17abd79e0.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 A Comprehensive Overview of Genetic and Environmental Influences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Etiology: Processes, Interplay, and Prospects for Future Research 236494 10.22034/hssr.2025.236494 EN Sarhang Hasan Azeez Biology Department, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq 0000-0002-1327-0136 Journal Article Backgrounds: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex and varied neurodevelopmental condition marked by challenges in social communication and the presence of restricted, repetitive behaviors. Its increasing global prevalence highlights a crucial public health need to understand its origins. Modern research has moved beyond the traditional “nature versus nurture” debate, demonstrating that ASD results from dynamic interactions between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors, which influence brain development during sensitive prenatal and early postnatal periods. This review consolidates current knowledge on genetic and environmental risks, examines biological mechanisms, and identifies directions for future research. Methods: A thorough narrative review was performed by systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025. Search terms included combinations such as “autism spectrum disorder,” “etiology,” “genetics,” “environment,” “gene-environment interaction,” and “epigenetics.” Articles were chosen based on relevance, study design, and scientific impact, with emphasis on meta-analyses, large cohort studies, and experimental models. Results: The genetic basis of ASD is highly diverse, involving rare, impactful de novo mutations, inherited common variants that add to polygenic risk, and syndromic forms. Well-supported environmental risk factors include advanced parental age, maternal immune activation, prenatal exposure to teratogens like valproate, and certain pregnancy complications. Importantly, gene-environment interactions are significant, where genetic predisposition increases vulnerability to environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation changes in immune and synaptic pathways, appear to be key in mediating these interactions. Conclusion: Evidence supports a “multi-hit” model, where combined genetic and environmental risks disrupt specific neurodevelopmental pathways. Key challenges include determining causality for environmental factors, defining precise timing of exposures, and integrating multi-omics data across varied populations. Future research should focus on large prospective birth cohorts with detailed phenotypic data, advanced experimental models to test interactions, and greater inclusion of diverse global populations. A deeper understanding is necessary to advance toward personalized risk assessment and prevention strategies.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236494_aba1b920b159ad9f9d2fd6b6e0f6aedd.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 The Psychology of Trust: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Impact on Interpersonal Relationships; A Comprehensive Review 236499 10.22034/hssr.2025.236499 EN Marzieh Zanjanian Master of Science in Personality Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0008-3410-2554 Farshid Khalili Dehdezi PhD in Communication Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Dolatabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0009-5052-3014 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objective:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> This review synthesizes contemporary empirical research and theoretical models on the psychological construct of trust. It seeks to elucidate its cognitive, affective, and neurobiological foundations, trace its development and dynamics within interpersonal relationships, and evaluate its impact on relational outcomes across contexts. Furthermore, it examines the processes of trust violation and repair, identifying gaps for future research. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A narrative review methodology was employed. Electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus) were searched for English-language articles published between 1990-2024, using keywords including "trust," "interpersonal trust," "trustworthiness," "betrayal," "attachment," and "relationship quality." Theoretical papers, empirical studies (experimental, longitudinal, neuroimaging), and meta-analyses were included. Key theoretical frameworks (Attachment, Social Exchange) provided the structure for synthesis. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Trust is a multifaceted construct predicated on perceived ability, benevolence, and integrity. Its development is heavily influenced by early attachment patterns and subsequent interpersonal experiences. Neurobiological research implicates oxytocinergic systems and prefrontal-limbic circuitry in trust decisions. High trust is consistently associated with superior relationship outcomes, including increased satisfaction, commitment, intimacy, and effective conflict resolution. Trust violations trigger profound distress and relational reevaluation, yet repair is possible through structured processes involving acknowledgment, restitution, and consistent behavioral change. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Trust functions as the foundational currency of social life, enabling vulnerability and cooperation. Its psychology is best understood through an integrative lens that combines dispositional, experiential, and situational factors. While cultural and individual differences modulate trust dynamics, its core role in relationship health is universal. Future research must further explore digital trust formation, neurodiversity, and the efficacy of trust-building interventions across the lifespan.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236499_12317e4f2bc92287691484b6cb6fe9cd.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 21 The Neurobiological Basis of Schizophrenia: An Integrative Review 236750 10.22034/hssr.2025.236750 EN Salayeva Navbahor Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. Sadullayeva Sevara Department of Psychological Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Ollaberganov Zayniddin Umarbekovich Department of Medicine, Urgench Mamun University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. Khajiqurbonova Niginabonu Department of Clinical Subjects, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Sultanov Muhammad Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan. Saginova Aygerim Sisenbayevna Department of Medicine, Urgench Mamun University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. Journal Article Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a complex, multifactorial origin. While dopaminergic theories have been predominant, contemporary perspectives highlight an integrated dysfunction across genetic, molecular, and neural circuit levels, rooted in neurodevelopmental abnormalities. Objectives: This review synthesizes recent evidence from genetics, neuroimaging, and molecular psychiatry to present an updated model of schizophrenia pathophysiology. It focuses on the interplay between synaptic pruning, interneuron dysfunction, and brain network dysconnectivity. Methods: We conducted a narrative, integrative review. Searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2014-2025) utilized terms like "schizophrenia neurobiology," "dysconnectivity," "NMDA receptor hypofunction," "parvalbumin interneurons," and "genetic risk." Evidence was thematically synthesized to construct a coherent pathophysiological model. Results: Findings outline a pathway from genetic risk (e.g., complement C4 loci) to excessive adolescent synaptic pruning, leading to impairment of parvalbumin-positive GABAergic interneurons. This results in N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction, a disrupted cortical excitation/inhibition balance, and aberrant neural oscillations. These local deficits manifest as large-scale dysconnectivity within cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuits, underpinning positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Dopaminergic dysregulation is positioned downstream of primary glutamatergic/GABAergic pathology. Conclusion: Schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder of synaptic connectivity. Future therapeutics should target earlier pathological stages, such as immune-mediated pruning and glutamatergic signalling, offering potential for novel treatments and preventative strategies.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236750_a918c922a20340ee051369fdad854f5d.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 21 The Relationship Between Emotional Inhibition and Cardiovascular Disease: A Psychophysiological review 236748 10.22034/hssr.2025.236748 EN Karomat Sobirova Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan 0009-0003-7476-8266 Allabergan Sharipov Department of General Professional Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Mirjalol Madaminov Department of Physical Culture, Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Urgench, Uzbekistan Niginabonu Khajiqurbonova Department of Clinical Subjects, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Urazbaeva Yulduz Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Sa'dullayeva Moxinur Gulomjon Qizi Urgench State Pedagogical Institute, Urgench, Uzbekistan Journal Article Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be the foremost cause of death worldwide . Although established risk factors such as hypertension and smoking are well-recognized, a considerable amount of CVD risk remains unaccounted for, shifting focus toward psychosocial influences . Emotional suppression—the deliberate inhibition of emotional expression—constitutes an ineffective emotion regulation strategy with possible cardiotoxic effects. Objective: This narrative review seeks to consolidate contemporary psychophysiological research to clarify the mechanisms through which habitual emotional suppression elevates CVD risk and contributes to adverse health outcomes. Methods: A thorough literature review was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science for publications between 1990 and 2025. Search terms included "emotional suppression," "expressive inhibition," "cardiovascular disease," "autonomic nervous system," "cortisol," "inflammation," and "endothelial function." Emphasis was placed on human studies exploring physiological pathways or clinical correlations. Results: Current findings indicate that emotional suppression reliably initiates harmful psychophysiological processes: (1) amplified and sustained sympathetic nervous system activity alongside reduced parasympathetic function, (2) dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, (3) heightened inflammatory responses, and (4) acute and potentially persistent endothelial impairment. Epidemiological research further connects trait suppression with greater incidence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular mortality. Conclusion: Chronic emotional suppression operates as a meaningful psychosocial stressor, fostering a pathogenic internal environment that accelerates atherosclerosis and cardiovascular incidents. Incorporating emotion regulation evaluation into cardiovascular risk assessment and implementing focused psychological interventions offer promising strategies for enhancing preventive cardiology within a biopsychosocial model.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236748_19a2cac4a50459c5332d81a97dd7b3ba.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 A Review of the Correlation Between Psychological Assessments in Human Resources and Job Satisfaction & Organizational Commitment in Educational Institutions 236496 10.22034/hssr.2025.236496 EN Yaser Parvini Department of Management, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0009-0007-3989-1081 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Educational institutions globally face significant human resource (HR) challenges, including teacher burnout, attrition, and fluctuating morale. In response, psychological assessments are increasingly integrated into HR practices for selection, development, and retention. A clear synthesis of how these tools correlate with critical organizational outcomes—job satisfaction and organizational commitment—is needed. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Aims:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> This review aims to critically examine empirical evidence on the relationship between standardized psychological assessments used in educational HR and the job satisfaction and organizational commitment of teaching and administrative staff. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A narrative review methodology was employed. Peer-reviewed articles, empirical studies, and meta-analyses published between 2000-2025 were identified through systematic searches in databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ERIC. Keywords included: "psychological assessment," "personality," "emotional intelligence," "teacher job satisfaction," "organizational commitment," and "educational human resources." <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Consistent positive correlations were found between specific psychological constructs and the outcomes of interest. Personality traits, particularly conscientiousness and emotional stability, and higher emotional intelligence (EI) show strong, direct associations with increased job satisfaction and affective commitment. Person-organization fit, often measured through value congruency assessments, emerges as a significant mediator. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Psychological assessments, when ethically and strategically applied, provide valuable predictive and diagnostic insights for enhancing workforce well-being and stability in educational settings. Future HR practices should leverage these tools not merely for selection but for ongoing professional development and fostering a supportive organizational climate.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236496_a652a01dc5044c993ec4da204eee998b.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 The Comparative Mind: A Review of Social Comparison's Role in the Formation of Life Satisfaction 236493 10.22034/hssr.2025.236493 EN Hadi Fayegh Moradiha Department of Management, Malayer Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan, Iran 0000-0001-6036-9836 Mehdi Fayegh Moradiha Department of Management, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-6397-7228 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Life satisfaction, a core evaluative component of subjective well-being, is inherently relative. Social comparison theory posits that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others. Despite six decades of research, a comprehensive synthesis of how different comparison processes, moderators, and modern digital contexts shape global life judgments is needed. Objective: This review aims to systematically synthesize theoretical and empirical evidence on the role of social comparison in life satisfaction formation, identify key mechanisms and moderators, and highlight gaps for future research. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed. Scholarly databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science) were searched for English-language articles and key texts from 1954 to 2025. Search terms included "social comparison," "life satisfaction," "subjective well-being," "reference group," and related constructs. Theoretical frameworks, landmark studies, and recent empirical findings were integrated. Results: The review confirms social comparison as a fundamental, dual-pathway mechanism. Upward comparisons typically reduce life satisfaction through contrast effects but can increase it via inspiration (assimilation). Downward comparisons generally enhance satisfaction through contrast but can induce fear. Impact is moderated by individual differences (e.g., Neuroticism, Social Comparison Orientation), target similarity, and cultural context. The pervasive influence of social media, characterized by curated upward comparisons, is strongly associated with diminished life satisfaction. Conclusion: Life satisfaction is profoundly constructed through comparative evaluation. The effect direction hinges on cognitive processes (assimilation/contrast), target selection, and dispositional traits. In the digital age, understanding and mitigating the negative impacts of maladaptive comparison, while harnessing its potential for motivation, is a critical public health concern. Future research must employ longitudinal designs and explore intervention strategies.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236493_edd1729235e3a47d66ef8beb6f31d914.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 21 The Psychophysiological Impact of Emotional Suppression in Individuals with Trauma Histories 236745 10.22034/hssr.2025.236745 EN Feruza Ruzimova Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. 0009-0003-9962-4322 Xulkar Kasimova Department of Clinical Subjects, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan. Saginova Aygerim Sisenbayevna Department of Medicine, Urgench Mamun University, Urgench, Uzbekistan. Niginabonu Khajiqurbonova Department of Clinical Subjects, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Maksadbek Babajanov Department of Psychological Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan. Saparbayeva Asaloy Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan. Journal Article Background: Emotional suppression, defined as the deliberate restraint of emotional expression, is frequently utilized by people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While it may offer momentary relief, its persistent application is connected to negative long-term psychological and health outcomes. Examining this process through a psychophysiological lens is crucial for understanding the biological mechanisms involved. Objective: This review consolidates contemporary research on the psychophysiological features and repercussions of chronic emotional suppression in trauma-exposed groups, with particular attention to autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine, and central nervous system activity. Methods: A narrative synthesis of literature published between 2000 and 2025 was performed, sourcing articles from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Key search terms encompassed "emotional suppression," "trauma," "PTSD," "psychophysiology," and related physiological metrics. Results: Robust evidence demonstrates that emotional suppression in trauma patients correlates with heightened and rigid sympathetic arousal (e.g., reduced heart rate variability), dysregulated HPA axis function, and a neural pattern of excessive prefrontal effort paired with sustained limbic reactivity. These physiological markers are associated with increased PTSD symptom severity and contribute to greater allostatic load and physical health comorbidities. Conclusion: Emotional suppression constitutes a biologically costly form of regulation that intensifies physiological stress responses and may perpetuate trauma-related pathology. Clinical interventions should prioritize helping patients replace suppression with more adaptive, antecedent-focused emotion regulation strategies to foster comprehensive resilience.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236745_6d568ea50adb519f79c8beaf5bd2d364.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 Educational Leadership as a Determinant of Teacher Well-Being: A Review of the Relationship Between Leadership Styles, Teacher Mental Health, and Burnout 236497 10.22034/hssr.2025.236497 EN Nooriyeh Yousefi PhD in Educational Psychology, Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen Branch, Tehran, Iran 0009-0004-6547-0094 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> The global teaching profession faces a sustainability crisis characterized by escalating attrition rates linked to deteriorating mental health and professional burnout. School leadership has emerged as a critical, modifiable organizational factor influencing these teacher outcomes, with significant implications for educational quality and equity. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objective:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> This review evaluated empirical research from 2000-2025 to investigate relationships between distinct educational leadership styles and teachers' mental health and burnout levels, identify mediating mechanisms, and highlight implications for educational practice and policy. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A comprehensive narrative systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science). Search terms combined leadership constructs ("educational leadership," "transformational leadership"), well-being indicators ("teacher burnout," "mental health"), and contextual factors ("school climate," "organizational support"). Inclusion criteria encompassed empirical studies examining leadership as an independent variable and teacher well-being as dependent variables in K-12 settings. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Transformational and distributed leadership styles demonstrate consistent protective effects against teacher burnout while promoting psychological well-being. Laissez-faire leadership emerges as the most robust predictor of adverse mental health outcomes. Transactional leadership shows context-dependent effects, while abusive leadership produces unequivocally negative consequences. Key mediating pathways include perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and school climate quality. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Educational leadership style constitutes a fundamental determinant of teacher psychological functioning and professional sustainability. Prioritizing leadership development focused on supportive, empowering practices represents an essential strategy for creating healthier schools and retaining high-quality teaching professionals.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236497_28c526ff3a4cc1da04cc49b8c3c4238d.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 21 Beyond Survival: Enhancing Patient Experience and Mental Health through Continuity of Care in Oncology 236744 10.22034/hssr.2025.236744 EN Farhad Safarpoor Dehkordi Department of Food Hygiene, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0002-1921-1348 Salayeva Navbahor Department of Pedagogy and Psychology,Urgench State University,Urgench, Uzbekistan Sevara Sadullayeva Department of Psychological Sciences, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Ollaberganov Zayniddin Umarbekovich Department of Medicine,Urgench Mamun University,Urgench, Uzbekistan Niginabonu Khajiqurbonova Department of Clinical Subjects,Tashkent State Medical University,Tashkent, Uzbekistan Sultanov Muhammad Department of Psychology,Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Saginova Aygerim Sisenbayevna Department of Medicine,Urgench Mamun University, Urgench, Uzbekistan Journal Article Background: Although oncology traditionally emphasizes survival rates, the patient's journey is deeply influenced by their subjective experience and psychological state. Continuity of Care (CoC)—the consistent, coordinated, and unified management of care over time—is increasingly recognized as a vital element that extends beyond its possible effects on mortality. Objective: This review consolidates current research to explore how CoC affects patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) and mental health results in individuals with cancer. Methods: A systematic search of databases (including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL) was performed for studies published from 2000 to 2024. Search terms comprised "continuity of care," "cancer," "oncology," "patient experience," "quality of life," "anxiety," "depression," "care coordination," and "therapeutic alliance." results: Substantial evidence shows that greater CoC is reliably linked to better patient experiences, including enhanced communication, trust, and security. Additionally, CoC serves as an important protective factor against psychological illness, lowering anxiety, depression, and sensations of abandonment, especially during care transitions and survivorship. Conclusion: CoC is a core, adjustable component of quality cancer care that directly improves patients' care experiences and protects their mental health. Emphasizing CoC through intentional models and policies is crucial for realizing genuinely patient-focused oncology.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236744_4aea337fc5de32d37e1b2cd907e01a4b.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 18 Gender Dysphoria and Mental Health: The Protective Role of Social Support During Gender Transition; A Review 236500 10.22034/hssr.2025.236500 EN Marzieh Zanjanian Master of Science in Personality Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0008-3410-2554 Farshid Khalili Dehdezi PhD in Communication Sciences and Technology, Islamic Azad University, Dolatabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0009-5052-3014 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals experience significant mental health disparities, including elevated rates of depression, anxiety, and suicidality, largely attributable to minority stress. Gender transition can ameliorate gender dysphoria but also introduces psychosocial challenges. Social support is theorized as a critical moderator of mental health outcomes during this process. Objective: To systematically review and evaluate contemporary evidence on the impact of multifaceted social support on the mental health of TGD individuals throughout gender transition. Methods: A narrative synthesis of empirical literature (2010-2025) was conducted. Databases searched included PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Keywords included "gender dysphoria," "social support," "transitioning," "mental health," and "transgender." Included studies focused on TGD populations, assessed social support as a variable, and measured mental health or well-being outcomes. Results: Consistent evidence from 40 reviewed studies indicates that affirming social support from family, peers, partners, healthcare providers, and community structures is strongly associated with superior mental health outcomes. This includes significant reductions in depression, anxiety, and suicidality, alongside improved quality of life, self-esteem, and treatment adherence. Familial acceptance, in particular, is a potent protective factor for youth. Conversely, support rejection, especially familial rejection, is linked to exponentially worse outcomes, including homelessness and survival sex work. Conclusion: Social support is a fundamental determinant of mental health resilience in TGD populations. It directly buffers minority stress and facilitates successful transitioning. Clinical practice must routinely assess and foster support networks, while policy must aim to create structurally affirming environments. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and focus on under-represented subgroups.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236500_b3ac721268e4a077fc5556e2a347441c.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 22 The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in Treating Treatment-Resistant Depression 236911 10.22034/hssr.2025.236911 EN Mandana Javad Jaberi Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Hamadan Branch, Hamadan, Iran Nafise Kianersi Department of Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Isfahan State University, Isfahan, Iran 0009-0005-7464-5199 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) represents a significant clinical challenge, associated with severe disability and high societal costs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a first-line psychotherapy, but its specific efficacy in TRD populations warrants detailed synthesis. Objective: This review aims to systematically evaluate the evidence for CBT as a monotherapy and augmentation strategy for TRD, examining its mechanisms, efficacy across delivery formats, predictors of response, and implementation challenges. Methods: A narrative review was conducted of randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and key observational studies published between 2000 and 2025. Literature was identified from PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library databases and analyzed thematically. Results: Robust evidence supports CBT as an effective intervention for TRD. As an augmentation to pharmacotherapy, CBT significantly improves symptom reduction and remission rates compared to medication management alone. Specialized protocols, such as the Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP), show particular promise for chronic presentations. Proposed mechanisms include the modification of persistent negative cognitive schemas and increased behavioral activation. Modest evidence suggests factors like cognitive flexibility and specific neuroimaging profiles may predict favorable outcomes. Conclusion: CBT is a validated and essential component of the TRD treatment arsenal. It addresses residual cognitive-behavioral symptoms often untouched by pharmacotherapy and provides durable, relapse-protective benefits. Future research must prioritize standardized TRD definitions, biomarker-driven personalization, and the optimization of scalable delivery models to improve accessibility and integration into stepped-care algorithms.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236911_f0471e2849791dd5107d850e0af083b8.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 20 The Neurobiological Basis of Borderline Personality Disorder: An Integrative Review 236651 10.22034/hssr.2025.236651 EN Mehrsa Eftekhari Master of Science in Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran 0009-0009-7749-0371 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe and complex psychiatric illness characterized by pervasive instability in affect regulation, impulse control, interpersonal relationships, and self-image. While historically understood through psychosocial lenses, contemporary research has established a robust neurobiological foundation. This review synthesizes current evidence to provide an integrative model linking genetic predisposition, early environmental adversity, and alterations in brain structure, function, and neurochemistry. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objectives:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> To systematically review and integrate evidence on the structural, functional, neurochemical, and genetic correlates of BPD, and to propose a coherent neurodevelopmental etiological model that explains core clinical symptoms. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO for literature published between 2005-2025. Search terms included "borderline personality disorder neurobiology," "BPD neuroimaging," "BPD genetics," and "fronto-limbic." Priority was given to meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and original research with robust methodology. Findings were synthesized thematically to construct an integrated model. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Converging evidence confirms a primary dysfunction in fronto-limbic and salience networks, characterized by amygdala and insula hyperreactivity to emotional stimuli coupled with diminished prefrontal (especially orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices) regulation. Structural alterations in these regions are prevalent. Neurochemically, dysfunction in serotonergic and oxytocinergic systems, alongside hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, are central. Significant gene-environment interactions (e.g., involving SLC6A4, FKBP5) mediate risk, with epigenetics providing a mechanism for the biological embedding of early trauma. Effective psychotherapies induce measurable neuroplastic changes, normalizing these dysfunctions. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusions:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> BPD is best conceptualized as a neurodevelopmental disorder of emotion regulation and social cognition. A triple-network dysfunction model—involving hyperactive salience, underactive executive control, and altered default mode networks—effectively explains the core phenotype. This model unifies biological and psychosocial perspectives, reduces stigma, and directs future research toward circuit-based therapeutics and preventative interventions for at-risk individuals.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236651_e464da766ee6b687e0e9fe9e6f7c2276.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 20 The Role of Play Therapy in Addressing Trauma in Children: An Evidence-Based Review and Clinical Update 236652 10.22034/hssr.2025.236652 EN Fatemeh Aliannezhadi Department of General Psychology, Semnan Azad University, Semnan, Iran 0009-0005-2731-2543 Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objective:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> To provide a comprehensive, evidence-based review of the role, mechanisms, and efficacy of play therapy as an intervention for trauma in children aged 3-12 years. This review synthesizes contemporary research to inform clinical practice and future directions. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A narrative review methodology was employed. Literature searches were conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases for the period 2000-2025, using keywords including "play therapy," "child trauma," "post-traumatic stress disorder," "PTSD," "expressive therapy," and "trauma-focused intervention." Included studies encompassed systematic reviews, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental designs, and seminal theoretical works. A total of 40 key references were selected based on relevance, methodological rigor, and impact. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Play therapy demonstrates significant efficacy in reducing core trauma symptoms (PTSD, anxiety, depression) and improving behavioral regulation, social competence, and caregiver-child attachment. Neurobiological evidence suggests play therapy can contribute to the regulation of stress-response systems. Modalities such as Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) with play elements, Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT), and attachment-based Theraplay® show strong empirical support. Critical mechanisms of change include the establishment of safety, non-verbal processing, emotional/physiological regulation, and the restoration of a sense of mastery. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Play therapy is a developmentally sensitive, evidence-informed, and essential modality for treating childhood trauma. Its strength lies in leveraging children’s natural communicative language—play—to access and process experiences that evade verbal articulation. Integration into multi-tiered, trauma-informed systems of care is warranted. Future research should prioritize neurophysiological outcome measures, cultural adaptations, and long-term follow-up studies.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236652_669e8840897442224000b2111b90edaf.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 24 A Review of Psychological Factors Affecting Burnout in Organizations: Integrating Dispositional, Cognitive, and Motivational Constructs 237244 10.22034/hssr.2025.237244 EN Fariba Goudarzi Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan Branch (Khorasgan), Isfahan, Iran 0009-0001-9738-9168 Elham Majidi Department of General Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Nain Branch, Isfahan, Iran Afsaneh Tabatabaei Department of Educational Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh Branch, Isfahan, Iran Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Burnout, a work-related syndrome of exhaustion, cynicism, and reduced efficacy, imposes significant human and economic costs. While organizational drivers are well-documented, a comprehensive synthesis of intrinsic psychological factors is needed to explain individual differential vulnerability. Objective: To systematically review and integrate empirical evidence on the psychological factors influencing burnout susceptibility and progression. Methods: A narrative review approach was employed. Literature was identified through searches of PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for peer-reviewed articles and key texts published between 2000-2025, using terms: "burnout," "psychological factors," "personality," "cognition," "motivation," and "emotion regulation." Results: 40 key studies and theoretical papers were reviewed. Findings categories psychological factors into three interrelated domains: 1) Dispositional Traits (e.g., neuroticism, core self-evaluations); 2) Cognitive-Affective Processes (e.g., rumination, cognitive appraisals, mindfulness); and 3) Motivational & Self-Regulatory Systems (e.g., autonomous vs. controlled motivation, ego depletion). These factors form a dynamic transaction with the work environment, shaping stress perception, coping, and recovery. Conclusion: Burnout arises from complex person-environment transactions. Effective intervention requires a dual focus: mitigating toxic job demands and building individual psychological resources through cognitive-behavioral, mindfulness-based, and motivational skill-building approaches.

https://www.hssres.com/article_237244_9ea7ceaf358df89e9161850ad635a927.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 22 A Comprehensive Review of Theoretical Models and Behavioral Interventions for Anger Management 236910 10.22034/hssr.2025.236910 EN Maryam Amiri Department Of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran Reyhane Tajadod Department Of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran Parisa Daneshi Moghadam Department Of Family Counseling, Islamic Azad University, Ashkezar Branch, Yazd, Iran 0009-0007-5708-7943 Journal Article <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Dysregulated anger presents a significant public health concern, linked to interpersonal violence, cardiovascular morbidity, and a range of psychiatric disorders. Effective intervention requires a firm grounding in evolving psychological models and empirical evidence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objective:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> This review aims to synthesize contemporary theoretical models of anger etiology and evaluate the efficacy of first-, second-, and third-wave behavioral therapy interventions. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A narrative review methodology was employed. Peer-reviewed articles, seminal texts, and meta-analyses published between 1975-2025 were identified via PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar using keywords including "anger management," "cognitive-behavioral therapy," "aggression," and "mindfulness." Theoretical and intervention studies were selected for their influence and methodological rigor. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> The state-trait, cognitive-neoassociationistic, and general aggression models provide robust, complementary frameworks for understanding anger. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) remains the most empirically supported intervention, with meta-analyses demonstrating moderate-to-large effect sizes (e.g., g = 0.71). Third-wave acceptance- and mindfulness-based approaches (e.g., ACT, DBT) show growing empirical support for enhancing emotional regulation and addressing experiential avoidance, a core maintenance factor. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion: While CBT is the gold standard, integrative treatment tailoring specific techniques (e.g., cognitive restructuring, exposure, mindfulness) to individual functional assessments is advocated. Future research must focus on mechanisms of change, long-term outcomes, and culturally adapted applications to optimize treatment efficacy and accessibility.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236910_86cdee856e0a2706d46137b3febed107.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 22 Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders: An Evidence-Based Review of Models, Efficacy, and Future Directions 236909 10.22034/hssr.2025.236909 EN Mahnaz Sanjari Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran 0009-0001-2526-9167 Zakieh Sadeghi Department of Clinical Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar Branch, Semnan, Iran. Darya Parchami Borjooei Department of Personality Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Khomeini Shahr Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Journal Article <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Backgrounds:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Anxiety disorders represent a major global public health challenge due to their high prevalence, significant disability burden, and substantial economic costs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has emerged as the most extensively researched and empirically supported psychological intervention for these conditions. This comprehensive review synthesizes contemporary evidence on the efficacy, core therapeutic components, evolving applications, and implementation challenges of CBT across the anxiety disorder spectrum. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> We conducted a narrative review of the scientific literature from January 2000 to March 2025, focusing on high-quality meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and key theoretical papers. Database searches included PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library using controlled vocabulary and keywords related to CBT, specific anxiety disorders, therapeutic mechanisms, and treatment outcomes. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Substantial evidence confirms CBT's superior efficacy compared to waitlist controls and psychological placebos, with large effect sizes (Hedges g typically >0.80) and sustained benefits. Disorder-specific protocols demonstrate strong efficacy, while transdiagnostic approaches offer comparable outcomes with improved efficiency for comorbid presentations. Core techniques—particularly exposure based on inhibitory learning principles—show robust effects, though dropout rates (15-25%) and partial response remain significant challenges. Technology-enhanced delivery methods (internet-based CBT, virtual reality) demonstrate effectiveness with improved accessibility. <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> While CBT maintains its status as first-line psychotherapy for anxiety disorders, important gaps exist between efficacy in controlled trials and effectiveness in routine care. Future directions should prioritize personalized treatment algorithms, mechanism-targeted interventions, cultural adaptations, and implementation strategies that improve real-world delivery. Integration with biological interventions and process-based approaches represent promising avenues for enhancing outcomes for non-responders.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236909_b10e3e49329605c4879b1a9dac0b54f7.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2025 12 21 The Neurobiological Foundations of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder: A Comprehensive Review 236749 10.22034/hssr.2025.236749 EN Shoxida Uktamova Department of Pedagogy and Psychology, Urgench State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan Kumushoy Quralbayeva Department of Medicine, Urgench Mamun University, Urgench, Uzbekistan Niginabonu Khajiqurbonova Department of Clinical Subjects, Tashkent State Medical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan Umidjon O‘ktamovich Fayzullayev Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Rayxon Ulliyeva Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Ravqat Masharipova Department of Psychology, Mamun University, Khiva, Uzbekistan Journal Article Objective: This review aims to integrate and critically evaluate the existing neurobiological evidence concerning Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD). It synthesizes findings from neuroimaging, genetic, and neuropsychological studies to propose a distinct etiological model that differentiates OCPD from Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar for studies published between 1990 and 2025. Keywords included “obsessive-compulsive personality disorder,” “neurobiology,” “neuroimaging,” “genetics,” and related terms. Studies were included if they provided original empirical data on the neurobiology of OCPD or its core traits. Data were narratively synthesized due to methodological diversity. Results: Fifty-six studies met the inclusion criteria. Structural MRI findings indicate increased grey matter volume in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Functional MRI studies reveal hyperactivation in the DLPFC, dorsal ACC, and fronto-parietal network during tasks of cognitive control and error monitoring, alongside reduced connectivity with limbic regions. Neurochemical evidence points to dysregulation in serotonin and dopamine systems. Genetic studies show high heritability (approximately 50–78%) and potential associations with genes such as SLC6A4, COMT, and DRD3. Neuropsychological profiles reflect intact planning abilities but impairments in cognitive flexibility and heightened error sensitivity. Conclusion: OCPD is associated with a unique neurobiological profile characterized by overactive prefrontal cognitive control systems and diminished integration with emotional processing regions, rather than the fear-based circuitry typical of OCD. This “hyper-executive” model accounts for core OCPD traits such as perfectionism, rigidity, and excessive need for order. Future research should prioritize well-defined OCPD cohorts to validate this model and develop targeted, biologically informed interventions.

https://www.hssres.com/article_236749_2089ccceb76e1e3dc20bf4910f593745.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2026 01 05 The Cognitive Catalyst: A Comprehensive Review of Modern Training Methods, Cognitive Competency Development, and Professional Advancement 238289 10.22034/hssr.2026.238289 EN Mehdi Baghban Department of Management, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 0000-0001-6280-7641 Journal Article <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> The Fourth Industrial Revolution has fundamentally transformed workplace requirements, necessitating a shift from procedural skill training to the development of higher-order cognitive capacities. Organizations increasingly invest in technology-enhanced learning solutions, yet the empirical evidence linking specific modern training methods to cognitive development and subsequent professional advancement requires systematic synthesis. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Objectives:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> This comprehensive review aims to: (1) Analyze the comparative efficacy of modern versus traditional training methods in developing core cognitive competencies; (2) Elucidate the mediating mechanisms through which enhanced cognitive competencies facilitate professional growth; and (3) Identify critical moderating factors that influence this developmental pathway. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Methods:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> A systematic search was conducted across Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and PubMed databases (2015-2024). Keywords included permutations of "training methods," "cognitive skills," "digital learning," and "career development." Empirical studies in organizational settings were included and analyzed using narrative synthesis methodology. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Results:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> The evidence robustly demonstrates that interactive, technology-mediated training methods (VR simulations, adaptive learning, gamified microlearning) significantly outperform passive instruction in developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and cognitive flexibility. These competencies function as primary mediators linking training to improved job performance (17-23% increases documented), accelerated promotion rates, leadership emergence, and enhanced professional self-efficacy. Success is strongly moderated by supportive learning cultures, managerial coaching, and employees' learning goal orientation. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Conclusion:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Modern training methods serve as cognitive catalysts when strategically implemented within supportive organizational ecosystems. Organizations must transition from viewing training as episodic events to building continuous learning architectures that foster adaptive expertise. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and explore ethical dimensions of AI-driven learning while addressing implementation challenges across diverse organizational contexts.

https://www.hssres.com/article_238289_87c331efb1acafd17ad49e4e55297178.pdf

Mazandaran Association of Emergency Medicine Humanistic Studies and Social Researches 3092-6467 2 1 2026 01 05 Cultural Scripts for Sorrow: A Review of Cross-Cultural Variations in Coping Mechanisms for Grief and Loss 238286 10.22034/hssr.2026.238286 EN Farshad Mohagheghpour Bachelor of Science in Career Coaching, University of Applied Sciences, Tehran, Iran 0009-0005-9321-5186 Dariush Mohammad Gholi Songhori Department of Psychology, Personality Orientation, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran Journal Article <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;">Background:<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #0f1115; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;"> Grief is a psychobiological universal, yet its expression and management are culturally prescribed. The dominance of Western, individualistic grief models in theory and clinical practice risks pathologizing normative cross-cultural variations in bereavement. Objective: To systematically review and synthesize contemporary empirical and theoretical literature on the influence of culture on coping mechanisms for grief and loss. Methods: A narrative review methodology was employed. Electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, AnthroSource) were searched for peer-reviewed articles and key texts published between 2000-2024. Search terms included combinations of "grief," "mourning," "culture," "coping," "ritual," and "bereavement." Included works explicitly addressed cultural dimensions, comparative frameworks, or non-Western models of grief. Results: Analysis of the literature reveals that culture shapes grief through primary dimensions: individualism-collectivism, spiritual/religious worldviews, and communication norms. Key coping mechanisms are culturally structured through: (1) Ritualized practices (funerary rites, mourning periods), which provide somatic and social scripts for behavior; (2) Social support systems with formalized communal roles; (3) Varied expressions of emotionality, from high-expressivity to restrained, somatized presentations; and (4) The normative status of "continuing bonds" with the deceased, which is therapeutic in many cultural contexts. Conclusion: Grief coping is not acultural but is fundamentally organized by cultural narratives, values, and social structures. Effective bereavement support requires cultural humility—moving beyond a checklist approach to engage with the bereaved individual’s specific cultural, familial, and spiritual framework. Culturally adaptive models of grief therapy are an urgent need in pluralistic societies.

https://www.hssres.com/article_238286_e6a148845336b28c9a77b8cd12c42463.pdf