Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1
Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
2
Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
3
Orthopedic Surgeon, Orthopedic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
4
Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Aja University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
5
Toxicology Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
6
Anesthesiologist, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Abstract
Background: The social determinants of health (SDOH) significantly shape the prevalence, incidence, and management of diabetes. This review examines the complex relationship between SDOH and diabetes, focusing on economic factors, education, insurance coverage, community context, physical environment, healthcare access, lifestyle factors, and key considerations in orthopedic and anesthesiology care.
Methods: A review of peer-reviewed articles and studies published over the past decade was conducted to explore how SDOH impact diabetes outcomes. The review also addresses orthopedic and anesthesiology concerns, especially related to musculoskeletal complications and anesthesia management for diabetic patients.
Results: Lower economic status, limited education, and insufficient insurance coverage are strongly linked to worse diabetes outcomes. Social and community support, including mental health resources and community programs, is crucial for diabetes self-management. The physical environment—such as access to nutritious food and safe spaces for physical activity—also influences diabetes risk. Additionally, orthopedic issues, such as diabetic neuropathy and musculoskeletal complications, and anesthesiology challenges, such as blood glucose control and cardiovascular concerns during surgery, are vital factors in the care of diabetic individuals.
Conclusion: Addressing diabetes requires a holistic, multidisciplinary approach that incorporates economic, educational, and healthcare factors, along with specialized care for orthopedic and anesthesiology needs. Policy interventions, community-based programs, and healthcare reforms are essential to improving outcomes and reducing disparities. Future research should focus on integrated strategies that incorporate SDOH into diabetes care, particularly for underserved populations.
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