Objective


This review aims to consolidate current knowledge on the effectiveness of CBT and related therapeutic approaches for addressing anxiety and depression in people with advanced cancer.


Methods


A narrative review method was adopted to integrate findings from various sources, including systematic reviews, randomized trials, pilot studies, and research protocols, all examining CBT, mindfulness-based practices, and other forms of psychotherapy within advanced cancer populations.


Results


Findings suggest that CBT and similar interventions can provide meaningful relief from anxiety and depressive symptoms, though the degree of benefit varies. Mindfulness-based approaches appear particularly helpful in promoting a sense of existential well-being and supporting caregivers. Some structured CBT programs have not demonstrated consistent benefits across all patient groups, with improvements often observed in specific subpopulations. Overall, broader psychotherapeutic approaches indicate the potential for moderate symptom reduction, but evidence remains limited. Newer approaches, such as behavioural activation, are currently under study and may offer alternative options.


Conclusion


Psychological therapies, including CBT, show important but variable effects in managing anxiety and depression in individuals with advanced cancer. Interventions that are tailored to individual patient characteristics, levels of distress, and situational needs may be more effective. Continued research through well-designed, focused trials is essential to better understand how these therapies can be optimized in this population.